Many crops in the area are 2-3 weeks behind were they would be in a normal planting year, due to the early cool, wet conditions in our area.
Additionally, the cool conditions of this summer have slowed development of the corn & soybean crop & delayed the curing process.
Thus, unusually early frosts are on the mind of area growers & many are asking as to whether the unusual, recuring chill is an omen for early frosts & an early onset of winter & if so, will a hard winter set in.
The main player in this summer’s weather has been:
1. The unusual James Bay low/trough deep into the eastern United States.
2. A greatly weakened subtropical/Bermuda High (negative NAO)
3. A weak Icelandic low over the North Atlantic (negative NAO)
The North Atlantic Oscillation, which tapers back & forth from negative, neutral & positive phases, has the greatest impact on U.S. & western Europe weather in summer.
However, it has been highly impactive on U.S. weather this summer with an unusually, highly persistent & very negative phase.
The highly negative phase appears to coincide with the lack of ANY sunspots (active, hot spots on the sun that increase solar output). There have been few, if any sunspots for the past year……………this is highly unusual, given the fact that we were in a solar output peak in the late 1990s & early 2000s.
We are in a developing El Nino, which will likely peak in the moderate category by January. The effects will begin to show up here by late September-October. The general effects of the El Nino will last until May.
Moderate El Nino brings the following patterns to our area for fall-spring:
1. Below normal snowfall
2. Above normal temperatures
3. Mix of below & above normal rainfall years
4. Increase in severe potential in late fall/winter
The wild card is how the lack of solar output will mitigate El Nino’s effects on our area. Will it decrease the warmer effects? Will solar output pick up soon??
Interesting to note……………if not for the high amount of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, it might be even colder with frost in late August (like what happened in north-central Indiana in 1842), hard freeze in September (like what happened in the Midwest in late September 1835) during low solar output.
Early June 1859 had widespread frost across central & northern Indiana……………..this was all at the end of the “Little Ice Age” when solar output was extremely low & a series of volcanic eruptions combined with lower greenhouse production created cool weather.